Isolated and combined association of excessive screen time and physical inactivity with negative self-rated health in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze isolated and combined associations of physical inactivity excessive screen time with negative self-rated health, according to sex, among school adolescents. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study conducted with 2,517 adolescents in Amazonas State, participants were asked about their self-rated health with the following question: How do you rate your health? Responses were dichotomized into positive (excellent and good) and negative (regular, bad, and terrible). Information on sex, age group, family income, physical activity, and screen time (watching TV, using a computer, or playing video games) was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Adolescents simultaneously classified as physically inactive (<60 min/day) and having excessive screen time (>2 h/day) were considered to have two risk factors. Data was analyzed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Out of every 10 adolescents, 2 had a negative self-rated health. After adjusting for age and family income, there were no isolated or combined associations between physical inactivity or excessive screen time and negative self-rated health in girls. In boys, negative self-rated health was associated with insufficient levels of physical activity (odds ratio [OR]: 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-5.59) and with the accumulation of two risk factors (OR: 1.61; 95%CI 1.10-2.34). CONCLUSIONS: Being insufficiently active and the combination of physical inactivity and excessive screen time become exposure factors to the negative self-rated health of adolescent boys.

Physical activity and health: a historical and conceptual approach / A relação entre atividade física e saúde: uma abordagem histórica e conceitual

This theoretical essay reflects on physical activity (PA) and health and the development of this study area, particularly in Brazil. A historical review is presented based on major research themes in the area since the 1950s and the evolution of PA recommendations for health. Crucial conceptual and operational definitions in the area that have gone through recent updates are addressed. The pa-per highlights relevant institutions and documents, as well as reflects on future perspectives and challenges in the field. Finally, this essay highlights the need to reduce the gap between the robust scientific knowledge already produced about the health benefits of PA and the real action in the field, especially in the primary health care setting

A partir de uma abordagem histórica, conceitual, crítica e didática, este ensaio teórico propõe uma reflexão sobre a relação entre atividade física (AF) e saúde e o desenvolvimento desta área de estudo, com um olhar especial sobre o Brasil. Apresenta-se revisão histórica a partir de grandes temas de pesquisa na área desde os anos 1950 e da evolução das recomendações de AF para a saúde. São abordadas definições conceituais e operacionais que passaram por atualizações recentes e que são cruciais na área. Faz-se destaque a instituições e documentos relevantes, além de reflexões sobre perspectivas e desafios futuros para a área. Por fim, destaca a necessidade da redução na distância entre a solidez do conhecimento já produzido sobre os benefícios da AF para a saúde e os desejados avanços no contexto da promoção da saúde, em especial na atenção primária à saúde

Isolated and combined association of excessive screen time and physical inactivity with negative self-rated health in adolescents / Associação isolada e combinada do tempo de tela excessivo e da inatividade física com autopercepção de saúde negativa em adolescentes

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze isolated and combined associations of physical inactivity excessive screen time with negative self-rated health, according to sex, among school adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted with 2,517 adolescents in Amazonas State, participants were asked about their self-rated health with the following question: How do you rate your health? Responses were dichotomized into positive (excellent and good) and negative (regular, bad, and terrible). Information on sex, age group, family income, physical activity, and screen time (watching TV, using a computer, or playing video games) was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Adolescents simultaneously classified as physically inactive (<60 min/day) and having excessive screen time (>2 h/day) were considered to have two risk factors. Data was analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results: Out of every 10 adolescents, 2 had a negative self-rated health. After adjusting for age and family income, there were no isolated or combined associations between physical inactivity or excessive screen time and negative self-rated health in girls. In boys, negative self-rated health was associated with insufficient levels of physical activity (odds ratio [OR]: 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-5.59) and with the accumulation of two risk factors (OR: 1.61; 95%CI 1.10-2.34). Conclusions: Being insufficiently active and the combination of physical inactivity and excessive screen time become exposure factors to the negative self-rated health of adolescent boys.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação isolada e combinada do tempo excessivo de tela e inatividade física com a autopercepção negativa de saúde, de acordo com o sexo, em adolescentes estudantes. Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido em 2.517 adolescentes amazonenses, os quais foram questionados sobre a autopercepção de saúde: "Como você considera a sua saúde?", dicotomizada em positiva (excelente, boa) e negativa (regular, ruim, péssima). Informações sobre sexo, faixa etária, renda familiar, atividade física e tempo excessivo de tela (assistindo TV, usando o computador ou jogando videogame) foram coletadas mediante questionário autoadministrado. Aqueles classificados, simultaneamente, como fisicamente inativos (<60 min/dia) e com tempo excessivo de tela (>2 horas/dia) foram considerados com dois fatores de risco. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se a regressão logística binária. Resultados: Dois em cada dez adolescentes apresentaram autopercepção negativa de saúde. Após o ajuste pelas variáveis idade e renda familiar, não foram observadas, no sexo feminino, associações da inatividade física e do tempo excessivo de tela, de maneira isolada ou agrupada, com a autopercepção negativa de saúde. No sexo masculino, a percepção negativa de saúde foi associada com os níveis insuficientes de atividade física (odds ratio — OR: 2,39; intervalo de confiança — IC95% 1,03-5,59) e com o acúmulo de dois fatores de risco (OR: 1,61; IC95% 1,10-2,34). Conclusões: Ser insuficientemente ativo e associar a inatividade física com tempo excessivo de tela tornam-se fatores de exposição à percepção negativa em saúde de meninos adolescentes.

Construct validity of the Individual Lifestyle Profile scale in times of social distancing / Validade de constructo da escala Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual em tempos de distanciamento social

The aims of the study were to estimate the level of reliability and factorial validity of the "Individual Lifestyle Profile" scale in times of social distancing, through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Therefore, the "Individual Lifestyle Profile" scale in times of social distancing was used in a study carried out with samples of students and employees of higher education institutions from different Brazilian regions. The final sample consisted of 4,694 adults who have answered the online form. For construct evaluation, internal consistency analysis was performed using Cronbach's Alpha (a) and Spearman's correlation. The CFA was used to test the hypothetical factor structure of the scale. Overall internal consistency was a = 0.778 and there were significant correlations, however, less than ± 0.799 for items from the same constructs and ± 0.499 among items from different constructs. In the CFA, after adjustments to the model structure, all indicators were adequate (Goodness-of-fit Index: 0.976; Comparative Fit Index: 0.937; Normalized Fit Indices: 0.932; Tucker-Lewis Indi-ces: 0.914; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: 0.047; Root Mean-Square Residual: 0.031; Standardized Root Mean-Square Residual: 0.0337), with the exception for chi-square p values and the ratio between chi-square and degrees of freedom. It is concluded that the "Individual Lifestyle Profile" scale in times of social distancing has shown satisfactory internal consistency and factor structure to guide the assessment of lifestyle (individual or groups) and interventions to promote healthy lifestyles

Os objetivos do estudo foram estimar o nível de confiabilidade e validade fatorial da escala "Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual " em tempos de distanciamento social, por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC). Para tanto, a escala "Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual " em tempos de distanciamento social foi empregada em um estudo realizado com amostras de estudantes e servidores de instituições de ensino superior de diferen-tes regiões brasileiras. A amostra final correspondeu a 4.694 adultos que responderam o formulário on-line. Para a avaliação de constructo foi realizada a análise de consistência interna via Alfa de Cronbach's (a) e correlação de Spearman. Empregou-se a AFC para testar a estrutura fatorial hipotética da escala. A con-sistência interna geral foi de a de 0,778 e houve correlações significativas, porém, inferiores a ± 0,799 para os itens dos mesmos constructos e ± 0,499 entre os itens de constructos diferentes. Na AFC, após ajustes na estrutura do modelo, ocorreu a adequação para todos os indicadores (Goodness-of-fit Index: 0,976; Compa-rative Fit Index: 0,937; Normalized Fit Indices: 0,932; Tucker-Lewis Indices: 0,914; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: 0,047; Root Mean-Square Residual: 0,031; Standardized Root Mean-Square Residual: 0,0337), com a exceção para os valores de p do Qui-quadrado e razão entre Qui-quadrado e graus de liberdade. Conclui-se que a escala "Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual " em tempos de distanciamento social, mostrou consistência interna e estrutura fatorial satisfatórias para orientar a avaliação do estilo de vida (individual ou de grupos) e as intervenções para promover estilos de vida saudáveis

Validade Preliminar da Escala Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual para uso online em tempos de distanciamento social / Preliminary validity of Individual Lifestyle Profile Scale for online use in times of social distancing

Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a validade de conteúdo e o nível de reprodutibilidade da escala "Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual" em tempos de distanciamento social. Os itens da escala original proposta por Nahas, Barros e Francalacci, foram modificados para avaliar o estilo de vida de adultos, de forma online, durante o período distanciamento social, a exemplo, a pandemia da COVID-19. As 15 questões contemplaram comportamentos recomendados por especialistas em saúde durante a pandemia, mantendo-se os cinco domínios originais propostos na versão inicial: alimentação saudável, atividade física, controle do estresse, relacionamentos e comportamentos pre-ventivos. Foram avaliadas a adequação e pertinência por meio do julgamento de especialistas (n = 38) e, posteriormente, os profissionais e estudantes (n = 71) de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) avaliaram a clareza dos itens. A reprodutibilidade foi estimada via coeficiente Kappa. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. A validade de conteúdo mostrou valores médios de adequação, pertinência e clareza de 92,4%, 87,1% e 78,7%, respectivamente. Participaram na etapa de reprodu-tibilidade 83 estudantes e profissionais de IES e o nível de concordância variou de 0,358 referente ao item "G" (Procuro ocupar a maior parte do meu dia com atividades interessantes) a 0,626 relativo ao item "N" (Mantenho o distanciamento físico e uso máscara sempre que preciso sair). Conclui-se que a escala "Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual" em tempos de distanciamento social apresentou satisfatória validade de conteúdo e os níveis de reprodutibilidade podem ser considerados aceitáveis para escalas desta natureza

This study aimed to estimate the content validation and the reproducibility level of the "Individual Lifestyle Profile" scale in times of social distancing. The items on the scale originally proposed by Nahas, Barros and Francalacci, were modified to assess the lifestyle of adults, of online form, during social distancing period, for example the COVID-19 pandemic. The 15 questions covered the behavior considered by health experts during a pandemic, maintaining the original five domains proposed in the initial version: healthy eating, physical activity, stress control, preventive behavior and relationships. Adequacy and pertinence were assessed through the judgment of specialists (n = 38) and, subsequently, professionals and students (n = 71) from Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) assess the clarity of the items. Reproducibility was estimated using the Kappa coefficient. The level of significance adopted was 5%. The average of the validity content of adequacy, relevance and clarity was 92.4%, 87.1% and 78.7%, respectively. 83 students and professionals of HEI participated in the reproducibility stage and the level of agreement ranged from 0.358 for item "G" (I try to occupy most of my day with interesting activities) to 0.626 for item "N " (I keep my physical distance and wear a mask whenever I need to leave). Concluded that "Individual Lifestyle Profile" scale in times of social distancing presented satisfactory content validity and reproducibility levels may be acceptable for scales of this nature

Association between loneliness, physical activity, and participation in physical education among adolescents in Amazonas, Brazil.

Loneliness is an individual and social problem associated with an unhealthy lifestyle among adolescents. We examined the association between loneliness, physical activity, and participation in physical education lessons among school-going adolescents. Participants included 2517 adolescents aged 14-19 years selected from state public high schools in Amazonas, Brazil. Participants answered a questionnaire containing demographic information, physical activity, and participation in physical education lessons and loneliness. Our results showed that physically inactive adolescents and those who did not participate in physical education lessons were more likely to feel lonely. These findings underscore the need to target physically inactive adolescents and those non-engaged in physical education lessons when developing interventions to address loneliness.

Attitudes towards body weight dissatisfaction associated with adolescents' perceived health and sleep (PeNSE 2015).

This study aimed to investigate whether attitudes towards body weight dissatisfaction is associated with perceived health and impairments in sleep among a national population-based sample of Brazilian adolescents. This is a cross-sectional data from the 2015 National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE). A total of 100.182 students (70.8% were between 14 to 15) in ninth-grade, enrolled in public and private schools were eligible for data analysis. Variables were measured using a questionnaire and binary logistic regression was used. There was association between attitudes towards body weight dissatisfaction and perceived health (not controlling weight = OR: 2.19, 95%CI: 2.00-2.40; trying to lose = OR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.75-2.05; gain = OR: 2.22, 95%CI: 2.01-2.46; maintain = OR: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.54-2.14). Adolescents were also more likely to present impairments in sleep (not controlling weight = OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.11-1.32; trying to lose = OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.08-1.25; gain = OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.28-1.61; maintain = OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.22-2.68). Dissatisfaction is an additional concern in the daily life of adolescents, which is associated to depreciation of the quality of sleep and decrement of psychological well-being.

Attitudes towards body weight dissatisfaction associated with adolescents' perceived health and sleep (PeNSE 2015) / Insatisfação e atitudes relativas ao peso corporal associada à percepção de saúde e ao sono em adolescentes (PeNSE 2015)

Abstract This study aimed to investigate whether attitudes towards body weight dissatisfaction is associated with perceived health and impairments in sleep among a national population-based sample of Brazilian adolescents. This is a cross-sectional data from the 2015 National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE). A total of 100.182 students (70.8% were between 14 to 15) in ninth-grade, enrolled in public and private schools were eligible for data analysis. Variables were measured using a questionnaire and binary logistic regression was used. There was association between attitudes towards body weight dissatisfaction and perceived health (not controlling weight = OR: 2.19, 95%CI: 2.00-2.40; trying to lose = OR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.75-2.05; gain = OR: 2.22, 95%CI: 2.01-2.46; maintain = OR: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.54-2.14). Adolescents were also more likely to present impairments in sleep (not controlling weight = OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.11-1.32; trying to lose = OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.08-1.25; gain = OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.28-1.61; maintain = OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.22-2.68). Dissatisfaction is an additional concern in the daily life of adolescents, which is associated to depreciation of the quality of sleep and decrement of psychological well-being.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar se as atitudes em relação à insatisfação com o peso corporal (PC) estão associadas à saúde percebida e ao comprometimento do sono em uma amostra de base populacional de estudantes brasileiros. A Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar possui delineamento transversal e foram elegíveis para as análises 100.182 estudantes do nono ano. Foi utilizado regressão logística binária para analisar a associação entre as variáveis investigadas, obtidas por meio de questionário. Houve associação entre as atitudes em relação à insatisfação com o PC e a saúde percebida, indicando que aqueles insatisfeitos com o PC apresentaram maior OR para a percepção negativa de saúde (não controlando o peso = OR: 2,19, IC95%: 2,00-2,40, tentando perder = OR: 1,90, IC95%: 1,75-2,05; ganhar = OR: 2,22, IC95%: 2,01-2,46; manter = OR: 1,81, IC95%: 1,54-2,14) e para o comprometimento do sono (não controlando o peso = OR: 1,21, IC95%: 1,11-1,32; tentando perder = OR: 1,16, IC95%: 1,08-1,25; ganhar = OR: 1,43,95 % CI: 1,28-1,61; manter = OR: 1,43, IC95%: 1,22-1,68) em relação àqueles satisfeitos com o PC. A insatisfação é uma preocupação adicional na vida diária dos adolescentes, que está associada à depreciação da qualidade do sono e à diminuição do bem-estar psicológico.

[Fruit and vegetable consumption over a decade among adolescents in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil]. / Consumo de frutas e verduras por adolescentes catarinenses ao longo de uma década.

Understanding the changes in the trends of fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents is important in order to implement public health actions. The scope of this article is to investigate the changes over a ten-year period in the daily fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents from Santa Catarina, according to sex, age and housing area. It is a secondary analysis of a panel survey entitled "Lifestyle and Risk Behavior of Adolescents in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil (ComPAC)." Adolescents (15-19 years of age) of state schools in 2001 (n=5.028) and 2011 (n=6.529) answered a questionnaire about fruit and vegetable consumption as well as about sociodemographic aspects. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied, according to sex, age and housing area. There was a decrease in daily fruit (39.1% and 16.6%) and vegetable (40.1% and 20.6%) consumption. Different prevalence levels were observed when analyzing subgroups, mainly among girls. From 2001 to 2011, daily vegetable consumption among boys and adolescents in rural areas remained the same. The decrease in daily consumption of fruit and vegetables among adolescents aged 15 to 19 in Santa Catarina highlights the need for the development of strategies to reverse this scenario.

Compreender mudanças no consumo de frutas e verduras por adolescentes é importante para criação de ações de saúde pública. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar mudanças, em dez anos, no consumo diário de frutas e verduras por adolescentes, de acordo com sexo, idade e área de moradia. Estudo de painel (análise secundária) da pesquisa "Estilo de vida e comportamentos de risco de jovens catarinenses". Adolescentes (15-19 anos) de escolas estaduais, em 2001 (n = 5.028) e 2011 (n = 6.529), responderam questionário sobre consumo de frutas e verduras e aspectos sociodemográficos. Estatística descritiva e regressão logística (2001 vs 2011), estratificada para sexo, idade e área de moradia. Houve diminuição no consumo diário de frutas (39,1% e 16,6%) e de verduras (40,1% e 20,6%). Diferentes prevalências são observadas de acordo com subgrupos, principalmente entre moças. A chance para consumo diário de verduras entre rapazes e adolescentes de área rural continuou a mesma. A diminuição na prevalência do consumo diário de frutas e verduras por adolescentes catarinenses de 15 a 19 anos aponta necessidade de criação de estratégias para reversão deste cenário.

Consumo de frutas e verduras por adolescentes catarinenses ao longo de uma década / Fruit and vegetable consumption over a decade among adolescents in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Resumo Compreender mudanças no consumo de frutas e verduras por adolescentes é importante para criação de ações de saúde pública. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar mudanças, em dez anos, no consumo diário de frutas e verduras por adolescentes, de acordo com sexo, idade e área de moradia. Estudo de painel (análise secundária) da pesquisa "Estilo de vida e comportamentos de risco de jovens catarinenses". Adolescentes (15-19 anos) de escolas estaduais, em 2001 (n = 5.028) e 2011 (n = 6.529), responderam questionário sobre consumo de frutas e verduras e aspectos sociodemográficos. Estatística descritiva e regressão logística (2001 vs 2011), estratificada para sexo, idade e área de moradia. Houve diminuição no consumo diário de frutas (39,1% e 16,6%) e de verduras (40,1% e 20,6%). Diferentes prevalências são observadas de acordo com subgrupos, principalmente entre moças. A chance para consumo diário de verduras entre rapazes e adolescentes de área rural continuou a mesma. A diminuição na prevalência do consumo diário de frutas e verduras por adolescentes catarinenses de 15 a 19 anos aponta necessidade de criação de estratégias para reversão deste cenário.

Abstract Understanding the changes in the trends of fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents is important in order to implement public health actions. The scope of this article is to investigate the changes over a ten-year period in the daily fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents from Santa Catarina, according to sex, age and housing area. It is a secondary analysis of a panel survey entitled "Lifestyle and Risk Behavior of Adolescents in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil (ComPAC)." Adolescents (15-19 years of age) of state schools in 2001 (n=5.028) and 2011 (n=6.529) answered a questionnaire about fruit and vegetable consumption as well as about sociodemographic aspects. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied, according to sex, age and housing area. There was a decrease in daily fruit (39.1% and 16.6%) and vegetable (40.1% and 20.6%) consumption. Different prevalence levels were observed when analyzing subgroups, mainly among girls. From 2001 to 2011, daily vegetable consumption among boys and adolescents in rural areas remained the same. The decrease in daily consumption of fruit and vegetables among adolescents aged 15 to 19 in Santa Catarina highlights the need for the development of strategies to reverse this scenario.

Smoking among industrial workers in Brazil: association with sociodemographic factors, alcohol consumption, and stress levels.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of smoking, as well as its association with sociodemographic factors, alcohol consumption, and stress levels, among industrial workers in Brazil. METHODS: This was a nationwide survey, conducted in 24 capitals in Brazil through the application of a pre-tested questionnaire. The response to the question "What is your smoking status?" was the outcome variable. To determine the associations, we performed Poisson regression analyses in which the inputs were blocks of variables: block 1 (age and marital status); block 2 (level of education and gross family income); block 3 (geographic region); and block 4 (alcohol consumption and stress level). All analyses were stratified by gender. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 47,328 workers ≥ 18 years of age, of whom 14,577 (30.8%) were women. The prevalence of smoking was 13.0% (15.2% in men and 7.9% in women). Advancing age, alcohol consumption, and a high stress level were positively associated with smoking. A lower risk of smoking was associated with being married, having a higher level of education, and living in the northeastern region of the country (versus the southern region). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoking was greater in men than in women. Alcohol consumption and high stress levels appear to promote smoking.

Food consumption and its association with leisure-time physical activity and active commuting in Brazilian workers.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An in-depth understanding of the relationship between food consumption and physical activity is relevant since these behaviours could influence each other, while both have an effect on obesity and chronic diseases. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various combinations of food consumption (fruits, vegetables, sweets and snacks) on the associations with PA domains (leisure and commute) among Brazilian industrial workers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This is part of a cross-sectional national survey developed in Brazil using data from the "Lifestyle and Leisure Habits of Industrial Workers" project. A total of 52,774 workers (response rate: 90.6%) responded to a validated questionnaire about the frequency of their consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets and snacks, their practice of LTPA and active commuting. The answers were analysed by multilevel regression, controlled by sociodemographic behaviour and the presence of hypertension, diabetes and overweight. RESULTS: Workers with a simultaneously adequate consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets and snacks were 2.29 (1.74; 2.99 p-value < 0.001) more likely to perform LTPA. In the full model, there was no association among any of the combinations of food consumption and active commuting. CONCLUSION: A better food consumption behaviour was reported among workers who practiced leisure physical activity when compared to those who did not.

Aspectos sociodemográficos e comportamentais associados à autopercepção de saúde positiva entre adolescentes do ensino médio / Sociodemographic and behavioral aspects associated with positive self-perceived health among high school teenagers

A autopercepção de saúde é considerada como um preditor para a mortalidade e para a morbidade, uma vez que abrange uma avaliação global de saúde com base em uma análise dos aspectos sociodemográficos e comportamentais associados à autopercepção de saúde positiva entre adolescentes do ensino médio. O estudo objetivou identificar os fatores associados à autopercepção positiva de saúde de adolescentes escolares no município de Guanambi-BA, quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos e comportamentos de saúde. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal junto a 1.140 adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 19 anos matriculados em escolas das redes pública e privada do município, por meio de questionário. A análise dos dados foi por meio de regressão logística binária permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis que apresentaram p<20%, e considerou-se estatisticamente significante o valor de p<0,05. Entre os respondentes, 60,9% eram do sexo feminino, 69,3% tinham idade de 15 a 17 anos, e 68,6% com origem em famílias com renda mensal de até dois salários mínimos. Observou-se que 78,3% dos estudantes classificaram positivamente sua saúde (aqueles que relataram uma autopercepção de saúde excelente ou boa). No geral, o desfecho mostrou-se associado ao sexo masculino (p<0,01), aos mais jovens (p=0,02), à experiência com drogas (p=0,04), à realização de atividades físicas (p=0,02), e com menor nível estresse (p<0,01). Nos rapazes a autopercepção de saúde associou-se à realização de atividades físicas (p=0,04) e a menores níveis de estresse (p<0,01). Na análise com as moças, o desfecho associou-se à faixa etária (p<0,01) e a menores níveis de estresse (p<0,01). Conclui-se que a prevalência de autopercepção positiva de saúde entre adolescentes escolares do ensino médio mostrou-se diferente para os sexos masculino e feminino, bem como seus fatores associados.

Self-perceived health is considered to be a predictor of mortality and morbidity as it encompasses a global health assessment based on an analysis of the sociodemographic and behavioral aspects associated with positive self-perceived health among high school adolescents. This study aimed to identify the factors regarding sociodemographic aspects and health behaviors associated with positive self-perceived health of teenage students in the city of Guanambi, BA. Therefore, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out with 1,140 adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years old enrolled in public and private schools in the city, using a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out by means of binary logistic regression, with variables that presented p<20% remaining in the final model, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among the respondents, 60.9% were female, 69.3% were aged 15 to 17 years old, and 68.6% came from families with a monthly income of up to two minimum wages. It was observed that 78.3% of students rated their health positively (those who reported an excellent or good self-perceived health). In general, this outcome was associated with younger (p=0.02) males (p<0.01), with experience using drugs (p=0.04), who were physically activity (p=0.02), and had a lower stress level (p<0.01). In boys, self-perceived health was associated with physical activity (p=0.04) and lower levels of stress (p<0.01). In the analysis with the girls, the outcome was associated with the age group (p<0.01) and with lower levels of stress (p<0.01). It was concluded that the prevalence of positive self-perceived health among high school adolescents was different for males and females, as well as their associated factors.

Change in overweight and obesity over a decade according to sociodemographic factors in Brazilian adolescents.

The aims were to examine changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among students from 2001 to 2011, and to verify if these changes differ according to age group, area of residence, and family income. We analyzed two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2001 and 2011 with brazilian adolescents. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics were self-reported using a questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze changes in overweight and obesity between the two surveys. The nutritional status was the outcome of the present study and the surveys (2001 and 2011) were the exposure. The odds of being overweight and obese were higher among boys and girls in urban areas in the 2011 survey compared to the 2001. Boys and girls with higher income were also more likely to present overweight and obesity in the second survey compared to the first. An increase of overweight and obesity was observed over a decade. We suggest that future interventions consider the area of residence and the family income to strengthen the effectiveness of actions developed to prevent and control these indicators among adolescents.

Change in overweight and obesity over a decade according to sociodemographic factors in Brazilian adolescents / Mudança no sobrepeso e obesidade após uma década de acordo com fatores sociodemográficos em adolescentes brasileiros

Abstract The aims were to examine changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among students from 2001 to 2011, and to verify if these changes differ according to age group, area of residence, and family income. We analyzed two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2001 and 2011 with brazilian adolescents. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics were self-reported using a questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze changes in overweight and obesity between the two surveys. The nutritional status was the outcome of the present study and the surveys (2001 and 2011) were the exposure. The odds of being overweight and obese were higher among boys and girls in urban areas in the 2011 survey compared to the 2001. Boys and girls with higher income were also more likely to present overweight and obesity in the second survey compared to the first. An increase of overweight and obesity was observed over a decade. We suggest that future interventions consider the area of residence and the family income to strengthen the effectiveness of actions developed to prevent and control these indicators among adolescents.

Resumo Os objetivos do estudo foram examinar as mudanças na prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre os estudantes de 2001 a 2011 e verificar se essas alterações diferem de acordo com a faixa etária, a área de residência e a renda familiar. Analisamos dois levantamentos transversais realizados em 2001 e 2011 com adolescentes brasileiros. As características sociodemográficas e antropométricas foram autorrelatadas por meio de um questionário. Regressão logística multinomial foi utilizada para analisar as mudanças no sobrepeso e obesidade entre os dois inquéritos. O estado nutricional foi considerado o desfecho do presente estudo e os inquéritos (2001 e 2011) foram as exposições. As razões de chance de sobrepeso e obesidade foram maiores entre os meninos e meninas em áreas urbanas no inquérito de 2011 em comparação com 2001. Meninos e meninas com maior renda também apresentaram maior chance de sobrepeso e obesidade no segundo inquérito. Sugerimos que futuras intervenções considerem a área de residência e a renda familiar para fortalecer a eficácia das ações desenvolvidas para prevenir e controlar esses indicadores entre os adolescentes.

Preference for leisure activities among adolescents in southern Brazil: What changed after a decade? / Preferencia para las actividades de ocio entre adolescentes en el sur de brasil: ¿Qué cambió después de una década? / Preferência por atividades de lazer em adolescentes do sul do brasil: o que mudou após uma década?

The preference for a specific activity during leisure time can directly influence its practice, both for active and sedentary behaviors. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify changes after a decade in the preference for leisure activities according to gender and age group between two generations of adolescents from southern Brazil. It was a repeated cross-sectional study (2001-2011). Representative samples of high school students (aged 15-19 years) from public schools in the state of Santa Catarina were evaluated in 2001 (n = 5028) and 2011 (n = 6529). Students answered one question on the preferred leisure activity, organized into six groups of activities. Comparisons between surveys were based on the relative frequency and 95% condence intervals (95% CI). After a decade, there were signicant reductions (95% CI did not overlap) in the preference for practicing physical activities, cultural activities and other activities, while the preference for watching TV, playing video games and using computer increased over time. These trends were similar between boys and girls and between younger (15-16 years-old) and older (17-19 years-old) students. The magnitude of changes was bigger in the proportion of preference for using computer and for practicing physical activities. There was an increase in the preference for leisure activities that involve screen time use, but the preference for other leisure activities (e.g., physical and cultural activities) reduced after a decade. Reasons underlying the change in leisure preferences need to be examined to support future interventions

La preferencia por una actividad especíca en el ocio puede influir directamente en su práctica, tanto para los comportamientos activos como los sedentarios. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue identicar cambios tras una década en la preferencia por actividades de ocio de acuerdo con el género y con la franja etaria entre dos generaciones de adolescentes del sur de Brasil. Para ello, se realizó un estudio transversal de repetición en 2001 y 2011. Se evaluaron muestras representativas de estudiantes de secundaria (15-19 años) de escuelas públicas del estado de Santa Catarina en 2001 (n = 5028) y 2011 (n= 6529). Los alumnos contestaron a una pregunta sobre la actividad de ocio preferida, organizada en seis grupos de actividades. Las comparaciones entre las encuestas se basaron en la frecuencia relativa y en los intervalos de conanza del 95% (IC95%). Después de una década, hubo reducciones significativas (IC95% no se solapó) en la preferencia por la practica de actividades físicas, actividades culturales y otras actividades, mientras que la preferencia por ver la televisión, jugar a los videojuegos y usar las computadoras aumentó con el paso del tiempo. Estas tendencias fueron similares entre niños y niñas y entre estudiantes más jóvenes (15-16 años) y mayores (17-19 años). La magnitud de los cambios fue mayor en la proporción de preferencia por el uso de las computadoras y por la práctica de actividades físicas. En conclusión, se observó un aumento en la preferencia por actividades de ocio que involucran el uso del tiempo de pantalla, pero la preferencia por otras actividades de ocio (por ejemplo, actividades físicas y culturales) se redujo tras una década. Las razones subyacentes al cambio en las preferencias de ocio deben ser examinadas para apoyar a futuras intervenciones

A preferência por uma atividade específica no lazer pode influenciar diretamente sua prática, tanto para comportamentos ativos quanto sedentários. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar mudanças após uma década na preferência por atividades de lazer de acordo com o gênero e a faixa etária entre duas gerações de adolescentes do sul do Brasil. Para isso, um estudo transversal de repetição foi realizado em 2001 e 2011. Amostras representativas de estudantes do ensino médio (15-19 años) de escolas públicas do estado de Santa Catarina foram avaliadas em 2001 (n = 5028) e 2011 (n = 6529). Os alunos responderam a uma pergunta sobre a atividade de lazer preferida, organizada em seis grupos de atividades. As comparações entre as pesquisas foram baseadas na frequência relativa e nos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Apósuma década, houve reduções significativas (IC95% não se sobrepôs) na preferência por praticar atividades físicas, atividades culturais e outras ativnidades, enquanto a preferência por assistir TV, jogar videogames e usar computador aumentou com o tempo. Essas tendências foram semelhantes entre rapazes e moças e entre estudantes mais jovens (15-16 anos) emais velhos (17-19 anos). A magnitude das mudanças foi maior na proporção de preferência pelo uso do computador e pela prática de atividades físicas. Como conclusão, houve um aumento na preferência por atividades de lazer que envolvem o uso do tempo de tela, mas a preferência por outras atividades de lazer (como atividades físicas e culturais) diminuiu após uma década. As razões subjacentes à mudança nas preferências de lazer precisam ser examinadas para apoiar futuras intervenções

Physical activity and food habits are associated with television time on weekends in Brazilian workers

Abstract Aims: Investigated the relation between eating habits or physical activity and weekend television viewing time, regardless of weekday television viewing in Brazilian workers. Methods: A representative cross-sectional study was conducted to measure the relation between weekend television viewing time and dietary indicators and physical activity across different domains in 47,477 workers. A questionnaire measured the time spent watching television per day on the weekend, physical activity indicators across different domains and eating habits. Absolute and relative frequencies and multinomial logistic regression adjusted were used to describe and identify the relationship between time spent watching television on the weekend and physical activity indicators or eating habits. Results: Workers who were physically active in the household (OR=1.09 [95%CI=1.04; 1.15] and OR=1.11 [95%CI=1.06; 1.16]) and leisure-time domains (OR=1.28 [95%CI=1.22; 1.35] and OR=1.30 [95%CI=1.24; 1.36]) were more likely to watch television ≥ 2 and ≥ 4 hours on a weekend day, respectively, than those watching television ≤ 1 hour/day. Consuming sweets (OR=1.30 [95%CI=1.22; 1.39]) and soft drinks (OR=1.11 [95%CI=1.03; 1.19]) was related to television watching ≥ 4 hours on a weekend day. However, workers who consumed fruits (OR=0.81 [95%CI=0.76; 0.85]) and vegetables (OR=0.91 [95%CI=0.86; 0.96]) daily were less likely to spend ≥ 4 hours watching television on a weekend day. Conclusion: We conclude that increased television viewing time on weekends, regardless of weekday television time, is related to leisure-time and household physical activity and with unhealthy eating habits in workers. Interventions focusing on the leisure-time may be an important alternative for health promotion in workplaces.

Longitudinal follow-up of physical activity from preschool to school age: the ELOS-Pré study / Acompanhamento longitudinal da atividade física da idade pré-escolar à escolar: o estudo ELOS-Pré

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify if the practice of physical activity in the preschool age (3-5 years) is predictive of this behavior after entering the school age (5-7 years).A longitudinal, school-based study with 700 children enrolled in public and private schools of the city of Recife, Pernambuco, who were evaluated in 2010 and followed in 2012. The study variables were the time spent in outdoor games and plays (a measure referred to by the parents / guardians of children through questionnaire applied as an interview) and the level of physical activity (objective measure obtained by the Actigraph accelerometer). The latter measure was extracted from a subsample (n = 98) of children. To analyze data, binary logistic regression was used. Children who spent 60+ minutes per day in this type of activity were 45% more likely of maintaining this behavior after entering the school age (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.02-2.07, p = 0.04). In addition, children who presented global NAF measure of 300+ counts / minute in 2010 were 173% more likely of maintaining this level of physical activity after entering the school age (OR = 2.73, 95% CI, 98-7.59, p = 0.06). It was verified that the practice of physical activity in the preschool age is a predictor of this behavior after entering the school age. It is suggested the development of campaigns to inform parents and teachers about the importance of early adherence to physical activity recommendations.

Resumo Objetivou-se verificar se a prática de atividade física na fase pré-escolar (3-5 anos)é preditora desta conduta após o ingresso na fase escolar (5-7 anos). Estudo longitudinal, de base escolar, realizado com 700 crianças avaliadas em 2010 e acompanhadas em 2012, matriculadas em escolas (públicas e privadas) da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco. As variáveis do estudo foram o tempo despendido em jogos e brincadeiras ao ar livre (medida referida pelos pais/responsáveis das crianças por meio de um questionário aplicado em forma de entrevista) e o nível de atividade física (medida objetiva obtida por acelerômetro Actigraph). Esta última medida foi extraída de uma subamostra (n=98) de crianças. Para análise dos dados recorreu-se a regressão logística binária. As crianças que despendiam, em 2010, 60+ minutos/dia neste tipo de atividade apresentaram chance 45% superior de manter este comportamento após o ingresso na fase escolar (OR= 1,45; IC95% 1,02-2,07; p=0,04).Além disso, as crianças que, em 2010, apresentaram medida global do NAF de 300+ counts/minuto apresentaram chance 173% superior de manter este nível de atividade física após o ingresso na fase escolar (OR= 2,73; IC95% 0,98-7,59; p=0,06). Verificou-se que a prática de atividade física na fase pré-escolar é preditora desta conduta após o ingresso na fase escolar. Sugere-se o desenvolvimento de campanhas a fim de informar pais e professores sobre a importância da aderência precoce às recomendações de prática de atividades físicas.